Ayurveda : Samprapti

Following are synonyms of samprapti:

• Jati
• Agati

This term is defined as the process of development of disease, which starts from the disturbance of the equilibrium of the doshas and after going through different stages causes disease. Following are the different stages of samprapti:

Sanchaya

At this stage the quantum of dosha increases within the dwelling place and signs and symptoms of the disease are seen and patient wishes to do activities that are opposite to the causative factor.

Example:Increase in the quantum of kapha dosha in urapradesh (thoracic region). The causative factor of Sanchay stage is divided into following two types:

• Prakrut (natural):It refers to the change of quantum of dosha according to the seasons.

  Example: Sanchay of kapha dosha during shishira (winter season).

• Vikarit (pathological):It refers to the change in the quantum of dosha due to unhealthy diet and unhealthy conduct.

  Example: Excessive eating of ice-cream leads to increase in the quantum of kapha dosha in the body.

Prakop

This refers to further increase of the in the quantum of dosha, which tends to come out of its ashaya (dwelling place). It is divided into two categories:

• Direct: It refers to the movement of the dosha to its prakop stage without attending its stage of sanchay.
• Indirect: In this type the quantum of dosha increases in sanchaya stage which leads to its prakopa stage.It is also classified into two types:
  • Prakrut (natural)
  • Vikrit

This stage has two directions one leads to disease and the other reverts the process to health. If the causative factor continues then it goes to the next stage of samprapti i.e. prasar which leads to disease and if the causative factor is removed then it reverses the process to health (Prashaman ), hence at this level of samprapti it is not necessary that it will develop disease.

• Prasar: This refers to the stage where quantum of dosha increases unto its zenith. Due to which dosha comes out of its ashay and start circulating through out the body.
• Sthansanshraya:At this stage the circulating dosha get deposited at particular place of the body where there is kha-vaygunyat or shroto-rodh (obstruction incirculation) and disease developed according to the involvement of shrotosha

  Example: if pranvah shrotash (respiratory system) is involved then the disease like cough, pneumonia, asthma, etc could develop.

• Vyakti:This refers to the stage of dosh dushya sammurchhana (mixing of dosh and dushya at the place of sthansansraya). The sign & symptoms developed on the body according to the involvement of dosha (vata, pitta, and kapha) and dushya (rasha, rakta, mans, meda, asthi, majja, shukra)

  Example: if dosh dushya sammurchhana takes place between pitta (dosh) and rakta (dushya) then the sign & symptoms developed over the body are small furuncles over the skin which have burning sensation. The sign & symptoms developed at this stage is called purvaroopa of the disease.

• Bheda: At this stage the process of dosh-dushya-sammurchhana is completed and most of the sign and symptoms develop on the body by the help of which disease could be diagnosed. The sign & symptoms developed at this stage are called roopa of the disease.

Types of Samprapti

• Sankhia (numerical): It denotes the number of subtypes of disease.

  Example: jwar (fever) has eight subtypes i.e. vataj, pittaj, kaphaj etc.

• Vikalp (proportional): During alteration of dosha is caused by its causative factor its property gets exaggerated. This exaggeration may be of its single property, more than one property or all the properties. The alteration of dose according to alteration of property in proportional way is called vikalp samprapti.

  Example: vata has-laghir, rukchha, shifa, chal.

• Pradhaniya (main): This refers to the situation where more then one dosha is involved in the development of disease.
• Bal Samprapti (severity):It refers tot he situation where it is important to know which dosha is main and which is subsidiary.
• Kal Samprapti (time)This refers to the determination of the altered dosha by the exaggeration of the property of particular dosha at particular period i.e. exaggeration of kapha dosha in the morning diet Kaphaj Viadhi (disease caused by kapha).