Appendicitis is a disease that causes inflammation and infection of the appendix. The appendix is a tiny pouch-like structure in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen. Appendicitis occurs when the appendix becomes obstructed, most commonly due to a deposit of tough faeces, enlarged lymphoid tissue, or a foreign object.
The blockage causes bacteria to proliferate within the appendix, causing it to become inflamed and diseased. If the infection is not treated, the appendix can rupture, sending bacteria and other substances into the abdominal cavity. This can result in peritonitis, a dangerous illness characterised by inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity.
abdominal pain loss of appetite nausea and vomiting low-grade fever abdominal tenderness rebound tenderness increased urination changes in bowel habits(diarrhea or constipation)
obstruction infection enlarged lymphoid tissue gastrointestinal infections foreign objects genetics age and gender
Laparoscopic appendectomy is a invasive surgery. It entails creating multiple small incisions in the abdomen, each around 0.5-1 centimetre long. To make room, carbon dioxide gas is supplied, and a laparoscope, a thin tube with a camera and light source, is placed into one of the incisions. The surgeon may now see the operating region on a video display.To remove the appendix, more small instruments are placed via the other incisions.
The standard procedure is an open appendectomy, in which a single incision, approximately 5-10 centimetres in length, is made in the lower right portion of the abdomen. The appendix is located through the incision, removed, and the wound is closed with sutures or staples. The appendix and associated components are accessed directly during an open appendectomy.
Preoperative Evaluation: Prior to surgery, you will be evaluated thoroughly, which may involve a physical examination, blood tests, and imaging exams such as an ultrasound or CT scan. These tests aid in confirming the diagnosis of appendicitis and determining the best course of treatment.
Anaesthesia: You will be given anaesthesia on the day of the surgery to ensure that you are comfortable and sleeping throughout the process. The surgeon and anesthesiologist will decide on the type of anaesthesia to be utilised.
Incisions: A laparoscopic appendectomy is a minimally invasive operation that involves creating many small incisions in the abdomen. These incisions are normally less than an inch long and are deliberately created in order to gain access to the appendix and perform the procedure.
Insertion of Surgical devices: The surgeon will place specialised surgical devices, such as a laparoscope—a long, thin tube with a camera and light connected to it—through the small incisions. On a monitor, the surgeon can see the appendix and surrounding area thanks to the laparoscope.
Appendix Removal: Using laparoscopic instruments, the surgeon will delicately dissect and remove the appendix. To avoid leaking, the base of the appendix may be tied off or stapled in some circumstances.
Closure:After removing the appendix, the surgical instruments are removed and the small incisions are closed. Incisions are typically closed with dissolvable sutures or sticky strips, with no exterior stitches required.
Recovery: After the procedure, you will be transferred to a recovery area where you will be attentively observed as the effects of the anesthesia wear off. The length of the hospital stay can vary, however it is normally only 1 to 2 days. The healthcare team will give pain control, intravenous fluids, and postoperative care instructions.
Postoperative Process: Following a laparoscopic appendectomy, you will be given special postoperative instructions, including wound care, pain management, and dietary advice. It is critical to carefully follow these directions and to attend any scheduled follow-up consultations with your surgeon.
Recovery & Return to Normal Activities: When compared to open surgery, the recovery period after laparoscopic appendectomy is often shorter. Depending on their specific recovery process and the nature of their employment or daily activities, most people can return to normal activities within a week or two.
Nonsurgical treatment options for appendicitis are limited, and they are usually addressed when surgery is not immediately feasible or in certain circumstances. However, non-surgical treatment does not address the underlying problem, and the risk of recurrence remains. Non-surgical options may include:
Antibiotic Therapy: A course of intravenous (IV) antibiotics may be administered in some cases with uncomplicated appendicitis to reduce inflammation and infection. This method seeks to treat the disease without requiring surgery. The appendix, however, may still need to be removed later to prevent recurrence.
Observation: When the diagnosis is unclear or the symptoms are minor, a period of observation may be used. This entails closely monitoring the patient to see if the condition worsens or resolves on its own. Surgical surgery is usually advised if the symptoms persist or worsen.
Specialists for Laparoscopic Appendectomy, Open Appendectomy:
